Ecoimmunology and behavioural immunity

Eco immunology, or ecological immunology, explores the relationship between the immune system of an organism and its social, biotic and abiotic environment. More recent Eco immunological research has focused on host pathogen defences traditionally considered "non-immunological", such as pathogen avoidance, self-medication, symbiont-mediated defences, and fecundity trade-offs. Behavioural immunity specifically refers to psychological pathogen avoidance drivers, such as disgust aroused by stimuli encountered around pathogen-infected individuals. More broadly, "behavioural" ecological immunity has been demonstrated in multiple species. Symbiont-mediated defences are also heritable across host generations, despite a non-genetic direct basis for the transmission. Aphids, for example, rely on several different symbionts for defences from key parasites, and can vertically transmit their symbionts from parent to offspring. Therefore, a symbiont that successfully confers protection from a parasite is more likely to be passed to the host offspring, allowing coevolution with parasites attacking the host in a way similar to traditional immunity.

 

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